Many people assume that the difference between federal court and state court is relatively small. In reality, there are significant differences between the two court systems, particularly at the trial level. Those differences can affect how a case progresses, how long it takes, and the overall litigation process.
Different Procedures and Timelines
One of the primary differences between federal and state courts is the procedural rules that govern civil cases.
Federal courts use a streamlined and uniform set of procedural rules that apply to virtually every type of civil case. Regardless of the nature of the dispute, the same core rules guide how the case moves through the court system.
In Pennsylvania state trial courts, different types of civil cases may be governed by different procedural rules. As a result, the way cases progress can vary.
In general, federal civil cases tend to:
- Move more quickly
- Follow a more predictable timeline
- Proceed in a similar manner regardless of the type of case
Federal Courts Focus on Efficiency
Federal trial courts generally emphasize resolving cases as efficiently as possible.
For example, the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania has a mandatory alternative dispute resolution (ADR) program. If a motion to dismiss is not filed or is unsuccessful, the parties are generally required to work with a neutral third party to facilitate settlement before discovery becomes extensive and expensive.
This early emphasis on settlement can help reduce both the time and cost involved in litigation.
State Courts Can Vary
Pennsylvania state trial courts do not always impose automatic deadlines to keep civil cases moving. However, parties still have options.
In state court:
- Parties can ask a judge to enter a case management order.
- Judges may establish deadlines for discovery and other important stages of the case.
- Some judges schedule settlement conferences.
Many Pennsylvania courts of common pleas do not have mandatory ADR programs, and the pace of a case may vary depending on the court, the judge, and the parties involved.
Why the Choice of Court Can Matter
In some cases, parties may have the option to litigate in either state court or federal court. That decision can affect:
- How quickly the case moves
- Litigation costs
- Settlement opportunities
- Overall case strategy
Because the procedural differences between the two court systems are significant, choosing the appropriate forum can be an important strategic decision.
Speak With an Attorney
If jurisdiction is an option in your case, understanding how each court system may affect your matter is important.
An experienced attorney can review your situation and help determine which court system best aligns with your objectives.
If you have questions about the topics discussed in this article or any other legal matter, contact Bononi & Company at 724-832-2499.